Ref. 1: "Innovations in the European Economy Between the Wars", Francois Caron, Paul Erker, Wolfram Fischer (eds.), Walter de Gruyter Publ., 1995, 330 pp., ISBN 3110135825. Most of his book is accessible via Google Books here.

	1a: "The extension of technical systems", Peter Temin, pp. 33-36
	1b: "Innovation and Radio Industry in Europe during the Interwar Period", Pascal Griset, pp. 37-64
	1c: "The Choice between Competition and Cooperation: Research and Development in the Electrical Industry in Germany and the Netherlands, 1920-1936", Paul Erker, pp. 231-253
	1d: "The Evolution of European Industrial Technology in the Interwar Period", John Cantwell, pp. 277-320

Ref. 2: "Behavioral Rules in R&D Strategies: German and Dutch Electrical Equipment Enterprises between the Wars", Renato Giannetti, Mauro Lombardi, Business and Economic History, Vol. 24, no. 1, Fall 1995, pp. 206-217

Ref. 3: "Geschlossene Gesellschaft? Die säkulare Entwicklung der Konzentration in der deutschen Elektroindustrie", Dorothea Schmidt, Prokla 113 - Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft, Vol. 28. nr. 4, Dec. 1998, pp. 529-556 

Ref. 4: "Why not Europe? Sources of economic growth - Tungsram’s positioning strategies on the world market in the interwar period", Mária Hidvégi, European Science Foundation / GlobalEuroNet, Summer School 2007 Final 

Ref. 5: "Die neuen Mehrfachröhren", Funk Bastler (Fachblatt des funktechnischen Vereins zu Berlin / des deutschen Radioclubs zu Berlin und des süddeutschen Radioclubs zu München), 1926, Heft 4, pp. 537-540

Ref. 6: "Röhrenentwicklung ab 1920", pp. 218-229 in "Radios von gestern", Ernst Erb, M.u.K. Hansa, 2nd ed. 1998, 456 pp.

Ref. 7: "Massenproduktion im globalen Kartell - Glühlampen, Radioröhren und die Rationalisierung der Elektroindustrie bis 1945“, Günther Luxbacher, Verlag für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik, 2003, 490 pp., ISBN 978-3-928186-68-1

Ref. 7: "Die Gegenspieler in Europa: Philips und Telefunken", in "Radiokatalog - Band 2: Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz", Ernst Erb,  Verlag für Technik, 2006, 400 pages

Ref. 8:"Röhrenhistorie 1: Zeitgeschichte - Technologie - Codierungen - Lexikon", Wolfgang Scharschmidt, 616 pp.

Ref. 9: "Röhrenhistorie 2: Firmenportäts", Wolfgang Scharschmidt, 379 pp.

Ref. 11: “Transnational Corporations in Electrical Industry”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Jan. 20, 1979), pp. 103+105-106

Ref. 12: "History until 1945" and "History since 1945", respectively by Kurt Harbodt and Robert E. Brown; Chapter 1.1 and 1.2 in  "Magnesium technology: metallurgy, design data, applications", Horst E. Friedrich, Barry L. Mordike (eds.), Springer Verlag, 2006, 677 pp., ISBN 3540308121  See note 1. [ref. article-magtech-06]    Accessible via Google books here.

Ref. 13: "Die Telefunken-Röhre“

Ref 14: pp. 82-90 in "Integrated and Modular Systems for Commercial Aviation", Frank Dörenberg, presented at UCLA “Modular Avionics” short course, February 3-7, 1997,

Ref 15: "Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler", Antony C. Hutton, G S G & Associates Publ., June 1976 (reprint), 162 pp., ISBN 0945001533

Ref 16: "Zur Entstehung der elektronischen Technologie in Deutschland und den USA. Der Beginn der Massenproduktion von Elektronenröhren 1912-1918", Hartmut Petzold, in "Sozialgeschichte der Technik", Vol. 13 (1987), Nr.3, pp. 340-367 of "Geschichte und Gesellschaft - Zeitschrift für historische Sozialwissenschaft", Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Publ.

Ref 17: "Forschung als Waffe - Rüstungsforschung in der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft und das Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Metallforschung 1900-1945/48", Helmut Maier, Wallstein Verlag, 2007, 2 volumes, 1232 pp., ISBN 3835301098

Ref 18:"German World War II communications receivers; Parts I-IV" (Hellschreiber on pp. 1-3), Dick Rollema, PAØSE, CQ Magazine, 8/1980, 12/1980, 5/1981, 8/1981

Ref 19:"The significance of German electronic engineering in the 1930s" Arthur Bauer, PAØAOB, presented at the 2004 IEEE Conference on the History of Electronics (CHE2004), Bletchley Park, UK, June 2004.

Ref 20:"Receiver and Transmitter Development in Germany 1920-1945", Arthur Bauer, PAØAOB, IEE Int'l Conf. on 100 Years of Radio, London, September 1994

Ref. 41: "Telecommunications and Equipment in Germany during the period 1939-1945", A.C. Lynch, R.J. Halsey, R.L. Bell, J.W.H. Freebody, J.H. Combridge, W.T. Gemmel, C. Floyd, British Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee (BIOS) Surveys Report No. 29 (Final Report No. 29), His Majesty's Stationary Office, 1950, 55 pp. Source: Foundation for German communication and related technologies.

Ref. 22: "Beschreibung und Gebrauchsanweisung des Loewe Ortsempfängers mit Mehrfachröhre", Loewe Radiofrequenz G.m.b.H., 10 000 11. 26, 1926, 4 pp.

Ref. 23: "Die internationale Stellung Telefunkens", Carl Schapira, pp. 52-59 in: "25 Jahre Telefunken 1903 – 1928; Festschrift der Telefunken-Gesellschaft", Fritz Schröter,  Ernst Zechel,  Otto Nairz (editors), Berlin, 1928, 328 pp. 

Ref. 24: "Historie – Das Röhrengeschäft von Telefunken. Vertraulicher Rückblick von 1922 bis 1969", H. Maier [Röhrenverträge Telefunken <--> Philips, Loewe, Lorenz, TeKaDe, Tungsram]

Ref. 25: "Tubes within Tubes" [Loewe "Mehrachröhre"], G.C.B. Rowe, Radio News, July 1926, pp. 30-31 + September 1926    “Tubes within Tubes”, C.G.B. Rowe, Radio News, July 1926, 30-31, plus addendum from Radio News, September 1926. 

Ref. 26: "Webs of Power - International Cartels and the World Economy", Kurt Rudolf Mirow, Harry Mauerer, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 1982, 525 pp., ISBN 0395305365

Ref. 27: "German Research in World War II: an analysis of the conduct of research", Leslie Earl Simon, J. Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1947, 218 pp.

Ref. 28: "The Lieben Valve: a German "universal amplifier"", Oskar Blumtritt, 2004 IEEE Conf. on the History of Electronics CHE2004, Bletchley Park, UK, June 2004, 10 pp. [incl. discussion of the Lieben Consortium]

Ref. 27: "Die Loewe-Dreifach-Röhre", Bruno Wienecke [a personal account by the first employee of Dr. Loewe], Funkgeschichte (Gesellschaft der Freunde der Geschichte des Funkwesens e.V.), Heft 57, 1987, pp. 29-32  See note 1.  [ref. article-FG-3NF-400]    

Ref. 29: pp. 2, 39, 44, 49, 60, 140, 141, 187  in "Die elektrochemischen Werke in Bitterfeld 1914 - 1945: ein Standort der IG-Farbenindustrie AG", Dirk Hackenholz, LIT Verlag Münster, 2004, 422 pp.

Ref. 30: "A Note on Magnesium Alloy for Castings: The Properties and Practical Processes in the Production of Magnesium Alloy Castings with Special Reference to Elektron", E. Player, Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, Vol. 1, Iss. 5, 1929, pp. 175-178   

Ref. 31: “Magnesium and Its Alloys Recent Developments in Great Britain“, J. L. Haughton, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 31, no. 8, August 1939, pp 969–971 

Ref. 32: “Magnesium castings aid Britain's industrial recovery”, Partridge, G.B.  , Production Engineer (Journal of the Institution of Production Engineers), Vol. 28, Issue 7, July 1949, pp.  334-349

Ref. 33: "Chemische Fabrik Griesheim - Pioneer of Electrochemistry", Dieter Wagner, Journal of Business Chemistry, Vol. 3, Issue 2, May 2006, pp. 31-38

Ref. 34: "German WW II Radio Equipment”, Dick Rollema (PA0SE), Radio Bygones, Nr. 65, June/July 2000, pp. 8-12 See note 1

Ref. 35: "Telefunken WW II Superheterodyne Receiver E52 ‘Köln’ – Part 1 & Part 2”, Dick Rollema (PA0SE), Radio Bygones, Nr. 78, August/September 2002, pp. 14-18, Nr. 79, 10/11 2002, pp.  24-30  See note 1

Ref. 36: "German Army Wireless Equipment - A critical survey of the mechanical and electrical features",  W. Farrar, The Royal Signals Quarterly Journal (New Series), Volume 1, Nr. 2 & 3, April 1947, p. 62-66

Ref. 37: "The history of Tungsram 1896-1945", Karloy Jeney, History Committee of Tungsram, 1990, 282 pp. [Tungsram, Philips, INRACO/Poebus, RCA]; also excerpted as pp. 39-46 in "Röhrenhistorie Band 2. Firmenporträts", Wolfgang Scharschmidt, ISBN: 978-3-939197-29-4 , 600 pp.  See note 1  [ref. article-tungsram-9645.pdf]

Ref. 38: "Report of the Investigation of I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G.", Prepared by Division of Investigation of Cartels and External Assets, Office of Military Government, U. S. (Germany), November, 1945

Ref. 39: "Die Entwicklung der Magnesiumindustrie in Deutschland 1829-1943", Band 3 of "Die Entwicklung des Leichtmetallausbaues im Vierjahresplan mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Zeit des großdeutschen Freiheitskampfes ab 1939", Eberhard Neukirch, Reichsamt für Wirtschaftsausbau, Fachgebiet Aluminium, Leichtmetall, Magnesium, 1943, Bundesarchiv, Bestellsignatur R 3112/150b

Ref. 40: "Thor's Hammer" A9-A10 Nuclear missile program [in German; note: the "V2" missile was model A4]

Ref. 41: "Metallersparnisse durch Keramik-Teile mit aufgebrannten Belägen" [Hescho metal-deposit inductors], pp. 109-110 in Funkschau, 16. Jg., Nr. 10/12, October/December 1943

Ref. 42: "Die Mehrfachröhre", Eugen Nesper ; Walter Kunze, Fischer-Druck G.m.b.H., 1928, 99 pp.

Ref. 43: "Die Mehrfachröhre und ihre Verwendung im Selbstbau: Vom Erfinder authorisierte Darstellung durch Dr. Funk eingerichtet“, Heft 4, Rufu-Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.H., 1926, 80 pp.

Ref. 44: "The role of the First World War in the rise of the electronics industry", F. Nebeker, Engineering Science and Education Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 5, October, 2001, pp. 189-196

Ref. 45: "Maxwell, Hertz, and German Radio-Wave History", A.J. Schwab, P. Fischer, Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 86, Issue 7, July 1998, pp. 1312-1318

Ref. 46: "A History of Some Foundations of Modern Radio-Electronic Technology", J.H. Hammond, E.S. Purington, Proc. of the IRE, Vol. 45, Issue 9, Sept. 1957, pp. 1191-1208

Ref. 47: "Discussion of "A History of Some Foundations of Modern Radio-Electronic Technology", Proc. of the IRE, Vol. 47. Issue 7, July 1959, pp. 1253-1268

Ref. 48: "History of tuning", K.R. Thrower, Proc. Int'l Conf. on 100 Years of Radio, 5-7 Sept. 1995, IEE Conf. Publ. No. 411, pp. 107-113

Ref. 49: "Contributions to the Antenna Field During World War II" [primarily microwave], L.C. Van Atta, S. Silver, Proc. of the IRE, Vol. 50, Issue 5, May 1962, pp. 692-697

Ref. 50: "Johann Philipp Reis, 1834 - 1874 - 1934" [inventor of the telephone], in "Elektrische Nachrichten-Technik (E.N.T.), Band 11, Heft 1, Jan. 1934, pp. 1-3     

Ref. 51: pp. 11, 40, 208, 211, 212, 215, 219-212, 225 in "Cartels; challenge to a free world", Wendell Berge, Washington, D.C., Public Affairs Press, 1944, 266 pp.; also reprinted by Beard Books, 2000, 276 pp. The book can be previewed in full here.

Ref. 52: "Helmut Hoelzer's Fully Electronic Analog Computer", James E. Tomayko, IEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 7, nr. 3, July-Sept. 1985, pp. 227-240   [17 MB]      

Ref. 53: "The Circuit Centennial" [history of the printed circuit board, starting 1903], Ken Gilleo, Emerging Technologies (ET) Trends (e-magazine), 28 April 2003       

Ref. 54: "Science, Technology and Reparations: Exploitation and Plunder in Postwar Germany", John Gimbel, Stanford Univ. Press, 1990, 280 pp., ISBN: 0804717613. Pages 14, 56-62 are here.       

Ref. 55: "Historical review of the German dye cartel", pp. 3-13 in "German Dyestuff Industry", pamphlet "Miscellaneous Series No. 126" U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 1924, 63 pp. (1924 price: 10 ¢, 14 ¢ w postage)       

Ref. 55: pp. 289-293 in "The Worldwide History of Telecommunications" [cartels RCA, Marconi, Cable & Wireless], Anton A. Huurdeman, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002, 656 pp, ISBN 0-471-20505-2