"Bernhard" station Be-10

["Bernhard" station locations - intro]

Latest page update: November 2020 (updated Fig. 185, added Fig. 180B, 181A, 181B)

Previous updates: February 2020 (added refs. 210Y-210AE, 244M-244Q); December 2019 (added Fig. 181B); October 2019 (uploaded complete map for ref. 210A, added maps ref. 210E-210W).

BERNHARD INSTALLATION BE-10 AT HUNDBORG (THISTED, Denmark)

Bernhard station Be-10 was built on Gåsebjerg hill, about 1.8 km east of the center of the village of Hundborg and 10 km west of Thistedt, on the northwestern coast of Denmark. The hill is the highest point in the area (71 m ASL) and has an unobstructed view in all directions (see this interactive topographic map with Be-10 marker).

Control of this Bernhard station was most likely coordinated by the (night)fighters control center at the Luftwaffe aerodrome (Fliegerhorst) Grove, now Karup airbase, located 75 km to the southeast of Hundborg.

This station probably became operational mid-1942. Towards the end of the war, there was a staff of 34: one officer, 11 non-commissioned officers, five enlisted men, and seventeen female office assistants ("Helferinnen"). Ref. 225, 226A.

All "Bernhard" stations normally only transmitted compass rose information. At the end of the war, a few stations also had the capability to send "running commentary" command messages to fighter aircraft in Hellschreiber-format. This capability was added to Be-10 in 1944, and night fighter crews were trained in its use at nearby Grove airbase in October of that year (ref. 225).

Fig. 165: The Bernhard installation on Gåsebjerg hill east of Hundborg, 1945

(source: Thisted Arkiv, Billednr. 24914)

Fig. 166: Location of Be-10, the associated monitoring antenna, and a wooden decoy antenna

(satellite image: ©2018 Google )

Fig. 168A: mid-1945 site map

(source: adapted from ref. 226B, used with permission)

Fig. 168B: Map of the mine field around the perimeter of the Bernhard site on Gåsebjerg hill - October 1944

(source: Hundborg Lokalhistoriske Arkiv; used with permission; click here to get full size)

Fig. 168C: "GERÄT BERNHARD 10" is marked near the center of the above map, confirming the Be-10 number of the installation

Fig. 169: Details of the mine field - the field was laid 1-7 September 1944

(source: ref. 226, used with permission)

Fig. 170: Be-10 is marked on a Luftwaffe night-fighter navigation chart

(source: ref. 244L)

Fig. 171: Be-10 is marked on a Luftnachrichten map of July 1944

(source: ref. 210B)

Fig. 172: Be-10 and its range is marked on a Luftnachrichten map of June 1944

(source: ref. 210A)

Fig. 173: Front side of the "Bernhard" station at Hundborg

(source: www.gyges.dk, used with permission; US gov't = no ©)

Fig. 174: The "Bernhard" station at Hundborg

(source: ref. 10, also Figure 4.27 in ref. 228G)

Note in the photos above and below that the large lower antenna array comprises 4+4 vertical dipole antennas in the front, and only 2+2 in the rear. The original standard configuration also had 4+4 dipoles in the rear.

Fig. 175: Rear view of the "Bernhard" station at Hundborg

(sources: Museums Center Hanstholm; also: ref. 226, used with permission)

Fig. 176: Side of Be-10 at Hundborg and close-up of the upper antenna system

(sources: Museums Center Hanstholm; also: ref. 226, used with permission)

Fig. 177: Two of the locomotives of Be-10 at Hundborg

(source: www.gyges.dk, used with permission)

The following photo was taken inside the power generator and converter room, where 3-phase 50 Hz AC power from the public power grid or from a local diesel generator was converted to DC and 3-phase AC power with an accurate reference frequency (for locomotive speed control). The vertically installed motor-generator is a so-called Conz-generator (a DC to 3-phase AC inverter). A nearby bunker contained a transformer station.

Fig. 178A: Hundborg installation - left: cabinets for Mercury Arc Rectifier and controls; right: DC-to-AC "Conz" generator

(source: ref. 223)

The photo below on the left shows the two transmitter-modulators, two monitor Hellschreiber printers, and the patch-board for "programming" the 10-character running commentary command uplink messages. This photo was taken inside the cabin below the rotating antenna systems of the Bernhard installation. The photo on the right shows the Mercury Arc Rectifier that was located inside the right-hand cabinet in the photo shown above.

Fig. 178B: Equipment in the round building of the Bernhard installation at Hundborg and the Mercury Arc Rectifier (right)

(source: Fig. 30 and 31 ref. 93)

Fig. 179: Ceiling of the round building at the center of the "Bernhard" at Hundborg - note the original wiring and the flanged tubular shaft

(source: www.gyges.dk, used with permission)

Fig. 180: 1945 aerial photo of the Bernhard site

(source: www.gyges.dk, used with permission)

The Thylands Ungdomsskole school was founded in 1943 and moved into the four German buildings at the Bernhard-site in 1947. Schooling started in November of that year. They were inside the bicycle storage shed of the school (laterThyland Idrætsefterskole secondary school). The concrete ring and round building at its center are still there. These days, apparently only its top is visible. The school went bankrupt and closed early 2016, due to lack of enrollments. Early 2018, a religious training center was opened in the school buildings.

Fig. 181A: Aerial photo of the Be-10 site - 1948

(source: ref. 226 (collection Sylvest Jensen), used with permission)

Fig. 181B: Aerial photo of the Be-10 site - 1951

(source: ref. 226 (collection Sylvest Jensen), used with permission)

Fig. 181C: Aerial photo of the Be-10 site - 1951

(source: ref. 226 (collection Sylvest Jensen), used with permission)

Fig. 181D: Aerial photo of the Be-10 site - 1955

(source: ref. 226 (collection Sylvest Jensen), used with permission; also: Thisted Arkiv, Billednr. 55683))

Fig. 182: Satellite image of the Hundborg site (ca. 2012)

(The yellow arrow points at the bicycle shed with the concrete ring inside)

Fig. 183: The ring and the round building are now inside the bicycle shed of the school

(source: www.gyges.dk, used with permission)

Fig. 184: The two buildings on the east side of the Bernhard ring

(source: Hundborg Lokalhistoriske Arkiv; used with permission)

Fig. 185: Cross-section of the Bernhard ring on Gåsebjerg hill

(sources: blue dimensions based on ref. 115 (Jens Salmonsen), pink dimensions based on ref. 226)

A "Diodenmast" antenna mast for monitoring the signal of the Bernhard-transmissions was erected about 850 m in a small wooded area to the southwest of the Bernhard site, near Dybdahlsgave road. A cable ran between this antenna and the Bernhard station. (ref. 226). The mast was guarded day and night (ref. 226). It was demolished in 1972.

Fig. 186: Monitoring antenna at Dybdahlsgave road - 1970

(source: Thisted Arkiv, Billednr. 24902 (left) and 46991)

Fig. 187: The monitoring antenna mast at Dybdahlsgave road

(source: Hundborg Lokalhistoriske Arkiv, also ref. 226, used with permission)

Fig. 188: Concrete foundation of the mast of the monitoring antenna at Dybdahlsgave road

(source: Hundborg Lokalhistoriske Arkiv; used with permission)

A full-scale wooden decoy Bernhard-antenna was erected at Bavnehøj hill (62 m ASL), about 1 km to the northwest of the Bernhard ring.

Fig. 189A: Wooden decoy-Bernhard at Bavnehøj

(source: left image 1942 Thisted Arkiv, Billednr. 24907, right - Hundborg Lokalhistoriske Arkiv; used with permission)

Fig. 189B: post-war, damaged wooden Be-10 decoy?

(source: ref- 226 (collection Jørgen Lumbye), used with permission)

Fig. 190: The two buildings on the northeast side of the Bernhard ring, seen from the top of the Bernhard antenna (1944)

(source: Thisted Arkiv, Billednr. 24910)

Fig. 191: The German headquarters in Hundborg (1945), next to the church - now a parking lot

(source: Thisted Arkiv, Billednr. 24913)

Fig. 192: The German baracks next to the church in Hundborg - the decoy antenna at Bavnehøj at the top left (1945)

(source: Thisted Arkiv, Billednr. 24911)

There was a German Wassermann-S radar near the beach of Vorupør, some 8 km to the northwest of Hundborg. It had the designator S1, so it was probably the first Wassermann installation of type "S" ("Schwer" = heavy). Ref. 112. The cylindrical mast is about 40 m tall!

Fig. 193: The Wassermann-S radar at Vorupør near Hundborg

(source: Hundborg Lokalhistoriske Arkiv; used with permission)

REFERENCES

Ref. 10: "The German Bernhard Aircraft Navigational System", S/Ldr. G.W. Calvert, AIR 40/2162, Air Minsitry, Directorate of Intelligence (D. of I.), Air Intelligence, Technical, A.I.2(g), Report No. 1834, 20 February 1946, 30 pp. Item is in the collection of The National Archives; material with UK Crown Copyright, used in accordance with the Open Government License [pdf].
Ref. 93: pp. 116, 117 in "The High-Frequency War - A Survey of German Electronic Development", E.S. Henning, HQ Air Materiel Command (AFMC), Wright Field, Dayton/OH, Summary report No. F-SU-1109-ND, 4 June 1946 (US Gov't, hence no copyright). [file size: 225 MB]
Ref. 112: "To vigtige punkter på egnen" ["Two important points in the area"], Morten Binderup, pp. 125-128 in "Historisk Årbog for Thy og Vester Hanherred", 1992 (1992 Historical Yearbook of Thy and West Hanherred) [pdf]
Ref. 115: Drawing of the cross-section of the Bernhard at Hundborg/Gåsebjerg hill, Jens Salmonson, 1982, source: Hundborg Lokalhistoriske Arkiv, used with permission.
Ref. 210: Maps (charts) with Luftnachrichten Anlagen (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations) from the Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv (BArch-MA, BAMA) Freiburg/Germany, used in accordance with "Erstinformation für Ihren Besuch im Bundesarchiv in Freiburg, Stand Juni 2016". Note: at the Archive, only free-hand photography is allowed (no tripod, etc.), under sub-obtimal lighting conditions. Also, most of the maps are large, are folded into A4-size (ca. 21x30 cm, ≈8x12 inch), and are not flat when unfolded...
Ref. 210A: "Funk-Navigationsanlagen im Reichsgebiet" (radio-navigation stations in the Reich), Oberkommando der Luftwaffe [OKL] - Generalnachrichtenführer 1- II. Map is dated 15 June 1944. [file size: 65 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here 12 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8 "Ln. Anlagen (Karten)", Bandnr. 2, Teil 2 of "Anlage B, Teil 2: Ln. Anlagen verschiedener Art, Juni - Aug. 1944".
Bernhard stations Be-0, Be-9, B-10, Be-11, and Be-12 are marked on this map. Map size 4x5 A4-size panels.
Ref. 210B: "Bernhard"-Anlagen im Reichsgebiet"(radio-navigation stations in the Reich), OKL - Generalnachrichtenführer Abt. 1/ II. Map is dated 1 July 1944. [file size: 24 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8.
Bernhard stations Be-0, Be-6, Be-8 through Be-12, and Be-14 through Be-16 are marked on this map. Map size 5x2½ A4-size panels.
Ref. 210C: "Ln.-Anlagen Westfront" (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations on the western front). Map is dated 30 August 1944. [file size: 22 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8
Bernhard station Be-6 is marked on this map. Map size 4x3 A4-size panels.
Ref. 210D: "Funk-Navigationsanlagen Ost-Raum" (radio-navigation installations, eastern area), OKL Generalnachrichtenführer 1. Abt.II. Map is dated 15 June 1944. [file size: 44 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 26 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8.
Map is marked with locations of Sonne, Komet, Zyklop, Egon, and Truhe stations. Map size 5x5 A4-size panels.
Ref. 210E: "Funk-Navigationsanlagen Westraum" (radio-navigation installations, western area), OKL - Generalnachrichtenführer 1. Abt. II. Map is dated 15 June 1944. [file size: 83 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 10 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8.
Bernhard stations Be-2, Be-6, Be-8, and Be-10 are marked on this map. Map is marked with locations of Sonne, Knickebein, Komet, Zyklop, Bernhard, Truhe, Erika, Y-(Kampf), Egon (Kampf), Baldur, Peildörfer, Flugsicherungshaupstellen, and Flugsichsrungszentralen.
Map size 6x5 A4-sheets (WxH). Map scale is 1:2000000.
Ref. 210F: "Funknavigationsanlagen" (radio-navigation installations), OKL - Generalnachrichtenführer 1. Abt.II Map is dated 1 October 1944. [file size: 107 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 13 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13.
Map covers Europe, from mid-Scandinavia down to mid-Italy. Map is marked with locations of Sonne, Zyklop, Egon, Truhe, Bernhard, Y-Kampf, Hermine, Knickebein, Komet, Erika, Flugsicherungs-Zentralen, Flugsicherungshauptstellen. Map size 7x4 A4-sheets (WxH). Map scale 1:200000.
Ref. 210G: "Flughafen-Bereichskommando (Koflug) 10/XII". Map is not dated. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 20/310.
Koflug 10/XII moved to Morlaix/Bretagne in July of 1940; it was dissolved in October of 1944.
Bernhard station Be-2 is marked on this map. Map is marked up with Korps- & Divisions-boundaries, Ln.-Anlagen, Flugwachen, Fliegerhorste, Unterstellungen, Armeekorps LXXIV & XXV; map scale 1:500000.
Ref. 210H: "Kommando des Flughafenbereiches 8/XII (Morlaix)" (Kdo FHB 8-XII). Map is dated 6 July 1944. [file size: 91 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 31 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 20/310.
Bernhard station Be-2 is marked on this map. Map covers the western half of Brittany (Bretagne). Map is marked with boundaries at Ln. Korps & Division level; Map scale 1:200000.
The original large single-sheet map (ca. 120x105 cm overall size) was divided into 4x5 separate map panels of ca. A4 size, that were glued onto a large sheet of thin gray canvas, and folded.
Ref. 210J: Map of FuMG Stellungen in Litauen [Luftwaffe radar sites in Lithuania], Oberkommando der Luftwaffe - Generalnachrichtenführer (O.K.L. Gen.Nafü), 1. Abt. (III). Map is dated 21 July 1944. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/6.
Flugwachkommandos, Flugmeldezentralen, Luftflottengrenzen also marked on the map. Map scale 1:2500000, Zchs.Nr. 44/46.
Ref. 210K: Map "Ln. Anlagen im Raume Rumänien" (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations in Rumania]). Map is dated 25 August 1944. [file size: 25 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8.
Map is marked with locations of FuMG, Funknav. Anlagen, LVerm., Jägerleistellungen. Map size 5x2 A4-sheets (WxH).
Ref. 210L: Map "Ln. Anlagen im Raume Bulgarien" (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations in Bulgaria). Map is dated 25 August 1944. [file size: 21 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8.
Map is marked with locations of FuMG, Funknav. Anlagen, LVerm., Flugsicherungshaupstellen, Jägerleistellungen. Also, 1 map panel has listing of Luftnachrichtentruppe units present in Bulgaria at that time. Map size 5x2 A4-sheets (WxH).
Ref. 210M: "Ln.-Anlagen im Raume Finnland - Übersichtskarte von Nord-Finnland" (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations in Finland). [file size: 34 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 4 MB]. Map is dated 14 October 1944. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13/K5.
Map is marked with locations of FuMG, Funknav. Anlagen Sonne, Kzw-Adcock, Luftparke, FMZ, S.u.J.-Stellen, Frontrep. Betriebe, LVerm., Flugsicherungshaupstellen, and Jägerdienste. Map markings include dates of explosive destruction or disassembly ("Sprengung", "Abbau"). Map size 3x2½ A4-sheets (WxH).
Ref. 210N: "U ntitled map of northernmost Scandinavia". Map is not dated. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13.
Map is marked with location of "Sonne" beacons S-20 at Andö and S-17 at Svanvik, Flugsicherungszentralen "Lofoten", "Polarmeer", nr. 11 at Kemi/Finland. Map scale 1:4000000. Map size 2x1 A4-sheets (WxH).
Ref. 210P: "Ln.-Anlagen Baltikum" (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations in the Baltic area). Map is dated 18 September 1944. [file size: 24 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 3 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13/K3.
Map is marked with locations of FuM, LV, and RV-Netz. Map size 2x2 A4-sheets (WxH).
Ref. 210Q: "Ln. Anlagen im Raume Griechenland" (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations in Greece). Map is dated 30 August 1944 - 5 November 1944 [file size: 26 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 4 MB].
Map is marked with locations of FuMG, Flugsicherungszentralen, L. Verm., Luftparke, Ln. Gast., Frontrep. Betr., Rep. & Sammelstellen f. Bordfunk Geräte. Map size 4x2 (WxH) A4-sheets. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13.
Ref. 210R: Map "Drahtlage Ost" (wired communication links, eastern area). Map is not dated. [file size: 21 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur RL 2-V/8.
Map is marked with line types (DK, Zuspannung, Heereslinie, Fernkabel, I-Kabel, LF-Kabel), LV, Schaltstellen. Scale 1:2500000.
Ref. 210S: "I. Flugsicherungsbezirke" (air traffic control districts), OKL. Gen.-Nafü, 1. Abt. II. Map is dated 1 October 1944. [file size: 91 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is is here, 11 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13.
Colored map covers area of the southern half of Scandinavia through Greece. A seperate smal map of entire Scandinavia is attached to the back of the map (included). Map is marked with locations of Flugsicherungszentralen, Flugsicherungshauptstellen. Map scale 1:200000. Map size 5x4 (WxH) A4-sheets.
Ref. 210T: "I. Flugsicherungsbezirke" (air traffic control districts). Map is dated 1 October 1944. [file size: 17 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 2 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13.
Black & white map covers area of the southern half of Scandinavia through Greece. Map is marked with locations of Flugsicherungs-Hauptstellen and Flugsicherungszentralen. Map size: 3x2 (WxH) A4-sheets.
Ref. 210U: "Wassermann-Einsatz und -Planung" (operational and planned Wasserman sites), Zeichgs-Nr. 44/18-1-A, GKdos, OKL. Gen.-Nafü, 1. Abt. III. Map is dated 20 June 1944. [file size: 76 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 8 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/9.
Map covers area of northern Britain to northwestern Egypt. Map is marked with locations of Wassermann (L/M/S; operational/under construction/planned by Luftflotten, proposed by O.K.L. Gen.Nafü.), Fu.MG (nachtjagdfähig), Jagdschloß, Mammut, Freya (+ An , + An & Kuh, + Kuh & Gemse, + Fahrstuhl), Würzburg (A-D, Riese, Riese + Gema Zusatz).
Map size: 6x5 (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:2500000.
Ref. 210V: "Jägermeßstellungen" (radar sites for fighter intercept guidance), Zeichgs-Nr. 44/17-2-A, GKdos, OKL. Gen.-Nafü, 1. Abt. III. Map is dated 20 June 1944. [file size: 61 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 25 MB]. Note: this map was rather poorly folded (6x5 layers) and not flat at all, which made it hard to stitch the indiviudal partial images back together. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/9.
Map covers area of northern Britain to northwestern Egypt. Map is marked with locations of Egon (Gerät, Gerät + AN, Gerät + A/K), Y-Stellung, Y-Gerät (operational, under construction, planned), Tagjadgenauigkeit, Nachtjagdgenauigkeit, and also boundaries of Zusatzzahlgebiete, Jagdtrapezbegrenzung.
Map size: 6x5 (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:2500000.
Ref. 210W: "Flugmeldeeinsatz- und Organisationsplanung", Zeichgs-Nr. 44/20-1-A, GKdos, OKL. Gen.-Nafü, 1. Abt. III. Map is dated 20 June 1944. [file size: 63 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 26 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/9.
Note: this map has the same background map as ref. 210V, but with some different mark-ups. Map covers area of northern Britain to northwestern Egypt. Map is marked with locations of Wassermann (L/M/S), Fu.MG (nachtjagdfähig), Mammut, Freya (+ An , + An & Gemse, + An & Kuh, + Kuh & Gemse, + Fahrstuhl), Würzburg (A-D, Riese, Riese + Gema Zusatz), and also boundaries of Zusatzzahlgebiete, Jagdtrapezbegrenzung.
Map size: 6x5 (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:2500000.
Ref. 210X: "Ln-Gerätestellungen im Landekopfraum" [Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations/sites]. Map is dated 24-June-1944. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/235 (frmr. RL 2-V/5).
Map is centered on Allied invasion beachheads in Normandie. Map is marked with location of LV, Fu.M.B., H-Peiler, Fu.M.G. Fu.Nav. (Y, Kn, E, Be), H.-Zug, Jägermeßstellungen, and s. & l. Funkfeuer sites. "Bernhard" stations Be-1 (Favières) and Be-4 (La Pernelle) are marked on this map.
Map size: ca. 4x3½ (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:500000.
Cover letter for the above map. Letter without subject, dated 24 June 1944, addressed to Chef Luftwaffe Führungsstab. Letter reference "Gen.Nafü. 1. Abt (I), Nr. 11 004/44 g. Kdos". Letter mentions scuttling/destruction of installations, transfer of forces from the Cotentin peninsula to Cherbourg, and numbers of German forces killed or taken prisoner.
Ref. 210Y: "Ln.-Anlagen im Bereich der Ostfront" [Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations on the eastern front]. Map is dated 9 February 1945. [file size: 103 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 21 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL-2-V-19.
Map covers area from Denmark to Hungary. Map is marked with locations of Fu.MG (1. Ordnung, Eisenbahn, mot.), Funknav.-Anlagen (Egon, Zyklop, Sonne, Truhe), LVermittlung, Jägerleitstellungen, and Flugsicherungszentralen (Nachtjagd) sites. Map markings include "Bernhard" stations Be-0, Be-12, and Be-15. On the back of the map's legend panel, the map title is repeated, but changed by hand to "Ln.-Anlagen im Bereich der Front" and "Bereich Reichsgebiet 9.2.45".
Map size: ca. 6x3½ (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale is not marked.
Ref. 210Z: "Flugsicherungseinheiten mit Nebenkarte Norwegen". Map is dated 1-Jan-1945, Gen.-Nafü 1/II. [file size: 61 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 11 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL-2-V-19.
Map covers area from Scandinavia to Romania. Map is marked with location of Flugsicherungshauptstellen, abgesetzte UKW Arbeitsplätze, Flugsicherungszentralen (Fluz), and Rgt. / Abt. / Komp. sites.
Map size: ca. 4x3½ (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale is 1:2000000.
Ref. 210AA: "Flugsicherungszentralen Flugsicherungs-Hauptstellen", map covers area from The Netherlands to Hungary. Map is dated 1-January-1945, Gen.-Nafü 1/II. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL-2-V-19.
Map is marked with location of Flugsicherungszentralen (Fluz; Kampf & Nachtjagd), Flugsicherungs-Haupstellen, abgesetzte UKW-Arbeitsplätze.
Map size: ca. 4x2 (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:2000000.
Ref. 210AB: "Drehkreuzachsen im Reichsgebiet". Map is dated 1-March-1945 with update on 22-March-1945, Gen.-Nafü. [file size: 88 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 26 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL-2-V-19.
Map covers area from Denmark to Hungary. Map is marked with location of "Drehkreuzachsen" lines (permanent phone lines, with wire-pairs twisted between masts), LV, LSZ, Jägermeßstellungen, Schaltstellen, TF-Verstärker.
Map size: ca. 5x3½ (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:1000000.
Ref. 210AC: "Gesamt-Drahtlage" [Complete com wire/cable map]. Map is dated 1-January-1945. [file size: 41 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 23 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL-2-V-19.
Map covers area from Denmark to Hungary. Map is marked with location of Drehkreuzachsen, Heereslinien, Fernkabel, Breitbandkabel, U-Kabel, LF-Kabel, LV, Schaltstellen, LSZ, Verstärkerämter, Betriebsstellen.
Map size: ca. 4x2 (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:2000000.
Ref. 210AD: "Begriffsbestimmungen" [definitions/terminology], Anlage (appendix) to "Der Reichsmarschall d. Großdeutschen Reiches und Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe Lw.Fü.St./Chef NVW Nr. 10 222/44 g.Kdos.(l/I) vom 28.2.44". Dated 28 february 1944. Page 6 missing from file. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/5.
Brief definition/clarifaction of the terms "Flugmeldedienst", "Flugwache" (Vollflugwache / Tagflugwache / Behelfsflugwache), "Fu.M.G.Stellung" (1. Ordung, 2. Ordnung, 3.Ordnung), Flugmeldezentrale (Stellungs-, Abschnitts-, Divisions-, Korps-, Flotten-), "Flugmelde-Bereiche" (Stellungs, - Abschnitts- (Flugmeldeabschnitt), Divisions-), "Einheiten des Flugmeldedienstes" (-Kompanie, -Abteilung-, -Regiment), "Flugmeldeauswertestelle eines Fliegerhorstes", "Florian-Netz", "Reportageverfahren", "Jägermeßdienst", "Jägermeßstellung", "Warnwache", "L.S.Warnkommando (L.S.Wako)", "L.S.Warnzentrale", "Eisenbahnflugwarnzentrale (Eflu-Wz.)", "Flugmeldposten der Flakartillerie".
Ref. 210AE: "Taktische Zeichen für die Neuorganization des Flugmeldedienstes, Eintragung der Geräteausstattung der Fu.M.G.-Stellung, Darstellung des Ausbauzustandes, Taktische Zeichen für die Neuorganization des Jägerleitdienstes" [map & org-chart symbology for the Luftwaffe Aircraft Reporting Service, standard equipment configuratins for radar sites, map & org-chart symbology for the reorganized Fighter Guidance Service], 1944, 6 pp. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/5.
Ref. 223: "PSU and generator for Berhardine Hundberg Denmark", US National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Scan Nr. 9821 111SC 269041; courtesy Mike Dean.
Ref. 225: Excerpt of p. 84 (with English translation) in "Luftkrig over Danmark. Bind 3, Jagerkontrol 1943-1945 : Karup 1940-1945" [Air War over Denmark, vol. 3 of 5], Carsten Petersen, Bollerup Boghandel (publ.), 1950 (first edition; reprinted 1988), 96 pp, ISBN 8789155025.
Ref. 226: "31.04 Fernfunkfeuer Bernhard 10 - Hundborg" page of Hanstholmregistreringen; accessed 21-November-2020 [pdf]
Ref. 226A: personal account by Jørn Junker, date unknown.
Ref. 226B: "REGISTRERING THISTED AMT 2.", description of areas outside Hanstholm, survey performed in 1945 by the 3^rd Building District of the Army Building Service, Drawn in December 1945 based on optical measurement, by Poul Boe, Land Inspector.
Ref. 228G: pp. 200-204 in "Rotating beacons", Section 4.12 of "Radio Aids to Civil Navigation", Reginald Frederick Hansford (ed.), Heywood & Co. Ltd. (publ.), 1960, 623 pp.
Ref. 244: Luftwaffe & Royal Air Force fighter intercept & control methods ("Jagdverfahren"), maps, and related topics
Ref. 244A: "Nachtjagd" [intro, descriptions, and evaluations], Luftwaffe document, date unknown, 18 pp. Source: German Russian Project for digitization of archives in the Russian Federation. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
Ref. 244B: "Bestimmungen über Nachtjagd" [descriptions of methods, and instructions to Flak organisation regarding night fighting], 1^st Flakdivision, Berlin, 19 November 1943, 12 pp. Source: German Russian Project for digitization of archives in the Russian Federation. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
Ref. 244C: "Mosquito Nachtjagd", [specific fighter and flak tactics against incoming British "Mosquito" fighter-bombers] 1^st Flakdivision, Berlin, 7 March 1944, 5 pp. Source: German Russian Project for digitization of archives in the Russian Federation. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
Ref. 244D: "Das Y-verfahren für Tag- und Nachtjagd" [file size: 115 MB; good-but-lower-reslution file is here 36 MB], document without reference number, without date, without place, 113 pp.
Complete description of the "Y" procedure for day & night fighter control from ground plotting stations with short wave equipment.
Source: BArch file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/38, used in accordance with "Erstinformation für Ihren Besuch im Bundesarchiv in Freiburg, Stand Juni 2016".
Ref. 244E: "Anlage 1 zu Luftflottenführungsabteilung Ia op2 Nr. 500/41 geh." [file size: 28 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 4 MB]. Map is not dated.
Map covers area of Belgium, The Netherlands, Denmark, northern Germany incl. Berlin. Map is marked with locations of militärische Sperrgebiete, Nachtsperrgebiete, Nachtjagdgebiete, Dunkle Nachtjagdsräume.
Map size: 4x2 (WxH) A4-sheets. Map is low-quality blueprint copy.
Source: BArch file nr. (Signatur) RL 20/186/K.
Ref. 244F: "Einsatzbeispiel für einen Feindeinflug" (example of response to intruding enemy aircraft). Map is not dated. [file size: 84 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 10 MB].
Map shows ground track of enemy bomber stream arriving from Britain with target Frankfurt, intercepting fighters, timing, etc. Map includes large & detailed table of the entire nightfighter intercept process, from long-range radar detection to "kill", with step-by-step status/activity/communication at the level of Flugmeldekompanie, Nachtjagdraum, Fühlungshalter, Jagdgruppe, Flugmeldungszentrale, Fluko, and Flak; the entire sequence covers 1 hr 40 min.
Map size: 4x5 (WxH) A4-sheets.
Source: BArch file nr. (Signatur) RL 36/443.
Ref. 244G: "Luft-Navigationskarte in Merkatorprojektion - Erweitertest Blatt Deutschland mit Jägernetz", Bodenorganisation Großraum-Nachtjagd Luftflotte Reich, July 1944. Source: Bestand/File 500, Findbuch/Index 12452, Akte/record 286 of the German-Russian Project for the Digitization of German Documents in Archives of the Russian Federation. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
Ref. 244H: "Nederland en de Duitse Nachtjacht - Van jager tot prooi" (The Netherlands and German night fighting - from hunter to prey), W.H. Lutgert, R. de Winter, pp. 536- 545 in "Militaire Spectator", vol. 183, nr. 12, December 1994. Accessed September 2019. [pdf]
Ref. 244J: "Nederland en de Duitse Nachtjacht - Van jager tot prooi (Deel 2)" (The Netherlands and German night fighting - from hunter to prey - part 2), W.H. Lutgert, R. de Winter, pp. 5-17 in "Militaire Spectator", vol. 184, nr. 1, January 1995. Accessed September 2019. [pdf]
Ref. 244K: "De Luftwaffe en Nederland - Balans van een oorlogserfenis" (The Luftwaffe and The Netherlands - legacy of a war), W.H. Lutgert, R. de Winter, pp. 450- 459 in "Militaire Spectator", vol. 184, nr. 10, October 1995. Accessed September 2019. [pdf]
Ref. 244L: "Nachtjagdnavigationskarte - herausgegeben von NJG.3.-NO" [night-fighter navigation chart issued by the Nachrichten-Offizier of the no. 3 night fighter-wing, Nachtjagdgeschwader 3]. [file size: 25 MB]
Map is not dated. Bernhard-stations Be-0, Be-6, Be-8 through Be-12 are also marked on this map. Source: collection R. Grywatz.
Ref. 244M: "Tag- und Nachtjagd, 3. Jagddivision (als beispiel)". Map is dated 29 July 1944. [file size: 24 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 9 MB].
Map covers area of The Netherlands to Heilbronn/Germany. Map is marked with location of Tagjagdstellungen and Fu.M.G. sites (1., 2., and 3. Ordnung; dunajafähig vs. nicht dunajafähig).
Map size ca 3x2 (WxH) sheets of size A4. Map scale 1:1.000.000
Source: BArch file nr. (Signatur) RL-3-1527.
Ref. 244N: "Jagd-Einsatz im November 1943", Anlage 3 (appendix 3) to "Lfl.Kdo3, Führ.Abt(1)/1c No. 15684/43 Kdos". [file size: 19 MB]
Large bar graph for each day of November 1943, with total number of fighter sorties for each day, split into "day" and "night" fighter. Also: table with statistics for each day: number (with type(s) of aircraft) for each type of sortie/mission: "Alarmstart" / "Überwachung und Sperre" / "Geleitschutz" / "Begleitschutz u. Augnahme"; / "Nachtjagd" (night fighter) / "Fernjagd" (long range intercept); also: total number of sorties/missions, number of enemy kills (incl. type of enemy aircraft), own losses.
Size: size: ca. 3x3½ (WxH) A4-sheets.
Source: BArch file nr. (Signatur) RL-3-1527.
Ref. 244P: "Abschüsse der Nachtjagd im Bereich Luftwaffenbefehlshaber Mitte", Anlage 2 (appendix 2).
Graph with three lines: "hell" (helle Nachtjagd), "dunkel" (dunkle Nachtjagd), "kombiniert" (kombinierte Nachtjagd). Graph covers monthly statistics regarding enemy kills for the period April 1941 - March 1942.
Source: BArch file nr. (Signatur) RL-3-1527.
Ref. 244Q: "Anzahl der voll u. bedingt (ab Juli 1941) bzw. eingeschränkt (ab Mai 1943) einsatzfähigern Besatzungen" and "Anzahl der einsatzbereiten Kampf-Flugzeuge" . [file size: 17 MB]
Graph with monthly statistics for the period mid-1939 - mid-1939: number of available flight crews and number of operational fighter planes), separate curves for "Tagjäger" (day fighters) and "Nachtjäger" (night fighters; from late 1940 onward).
Also: interesting large table with 53 key dates of the WW2, from 1 September 1939 (German invasion of Poland) through 15 August 1944 (anglo-american landing in southern France).
Size: ca. 1½ x3 (WxH) A4-sheets.
Source: BArch file nr. (Signatur) RL-3-1527.
Ref. 244R: "Fighter defence of Germany - Control of fighters by the "Y" Procedure", Samuel Denys Felkin (Chief Interrogator at Bletchley), transcribed report from the British Air Ministry, Assistant Director of Intelligence (Prisoner Interrogation), A.D.I. (K) Report No. 525/1944, 14 pp. Source: The National Archives of the UK, ref. AIR40/2875 and 2876. Retrieved from www.cdvandt.org.
Ref. 244S: "Das "Y-Verfahren" für Tag- und Nacht-Jagd (Navigations-Verfahren)" ["The Y-Procedure for day and night fighter control (navigation method)"], author unknown, date & place unknown, 114 pp. The 1960s file coversheet of the Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt (Research Office for Military History) suggests that it dates to 1940/41, 114 pp. [file size: : 82 MB !!!! - with reduced resolution]
Keywords: Y-Verfahren, Y-Führung, Y-Stelle, Y-Stellung, Y-Anlage, Y-Station, Y-Einrichtung, E 16, FuG 16, Graetz-E-Mess-Gestell, Siemens-E-Mess-Gestell, Heinrich Peiler, ZVG 16, ZE ZY Zeiger, Schildkröte, PQK, S 16.
Source: BArch file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/38, used in accordance with "Erstinformation für Ihren Besuch im Bundesarchiv in Freiburg, Stand Juni 2016".
Ref. 244T: "Die Deutschen Nachtjagdverfahren" ["The German nigh fighter procedures"], Walter Grabmann, Generalmajor a.D., date unknown, 22 pp.
[Helle Objektjagd, helle Gebietsjagd, Himmelbett, Verfolgungsnachtjagd [pursuit night], Objektjagd "Leichentuch" / "Milchglas", 1-mot Objektjagd "Wilde Sau", Fernnachtjagd [long-range night], Zusammenarbeit mit Jäger-Flak, 13 maps].
Source: BArch file nr. (Signatur) ZA 3/402a, used in accordance with "Erstinformation für Ihren Besuch im Bundesarchiv in Freiburg, Stand Juni 2016".
Ref. 244U: "Funkübermittlung der feindliche Luftlage" ["Transmission of enemy aircraft situation via radio" (reportage, running commentary)], excerpt of a report dated 22 March 1945 by Morgenstern, chef to the Generalnachrichtenführer (Chief Signal Officer), 14 June 1956, 9 pp.
Source: BArch file nr. (Signatur) ZA 3/402b, used in accordance with "Erstinformation für Ihren Besuch im Bundesarchiv in Freiburg, Stand Juni 2016".
Ref. 244V: "Feindreportagen" ["Running commentary on enemy aircraft"] and "Bernhard-Führung" ["Bernhard guidance"], §II and §VII, respectively, in "Nachrichtenbefehl April 1945 (Nachtjagd)", 1. Jaddivision, Nafü 3 - Nr. 2600/45, 18 March 1945, 5 pp.
Keywords: Verfolgungsnachtjagd, Führungswellen, Gruppenbefehlswellen, Geschwaderbefehlswellen UKW (Tast) Bord-Bord, Divisionsführungswellen Lgw, Kzw, UKW der 1.J.Div., Divisionsklärungswellen (Tast), Y-Linienverteilung für Aufklärer, Y-Linien für 1-mot. Nachtjagd, Mosquito-Jagd (Silber), Feindreportagen, Kennung für Fu. G 25, Rufzeichen und Rufnamen, Optische Gruppenkennung und Wellen für flg. Funkfeuer, Verschlüsselung eigener Standort- und Flughöhenangaben, Gebietsnachtjagd, Flugsicherung.
Source: Bestand/File 500, Findbuch/Index 12476, Akte/record 90, pages 31-36 of the German-Russian Project for the Digitization of German Documents in Archives of the Russian Federation. Retrieved November 2021.

External links last checked: January 2019