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©2004-2021 F. Dörenberg, unless stated otherwise. All rights reserved worldwide. No part of this publication may be used without permission from the author.


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2021

2020

2019

  • September-December 2019:
  • On the "Presse Hell" page, expanded the "Presse-Hell in the Kriegsmarine" section with text and references about a Hell printer used in German midget submarines. Also added references about use of Presse Hell at several news agencies.
  • On the "Radios used with "Presse" Hell" page, added a handful of references & associated text for several receivers (Lorenz´"Schwabenland", "E 515 Rö", "Minerva", "Funk - empf. 61b", "Funk.empf.61c").
  • On the "Presse" Hell peripherals page, added reference & text about the "T.verst.18" printer keying-amplifier.
  • On the Feld Hell "Components & construction" page, added old advertizing of the ERO and Römmler companies.
  • On the Feld-Hell "RV12P4000 vacuum tube" page, added references about the Loewe multi-valve tube.
  • On the Feld-Hell "Performance" page, added 1944 German radio propagation manual.
  • On the "Feld-Hell peripherals" page, added reference about the FF 33 field telephone.
  • On the "Radios used with Feld-Hell" page, expanded the Sägefisch IV part of the the "Kw.E.a" section, added an "E 52 "Köln"" reference.
  • On the "Post-WW2 Feld-Hell built in Hungary" page, added a Figure and references.
  • On the "Original Feld-Hell telegrams" page, added about 40 Feld-Hell telegram pages of the German army.
  • On the "Model T.empf.39 "L"" page, added several references.
  • On the "Hell equipment prices 1937-1952" page, added description & pricing of 1930s "people's radio" & "people's TV" sets; added reference with pricing of WW2 aircraft, vehicles, and weapons"; added reference with radio valve/tube pricing.
  • On the "Models from other manufacturers" page, added manual of the "East German" RFT/NVA Feld-Hell machine, and added reference about electro-mechanical DC-DC converters.
  • On the ""Bernhard/Bernhardine" radio-nav system" page, added numerous references about German radio-nav/beam systems, Luftwaffe fighter intercept & control methods ("Jagdverfahren"), German Signal Corps maps,  and related topics.
  • On the "FuG 120 "Bernhardine" Hell-printer" page, added references about the radio equipage of various Luftwaffe fighter aircraft.
  • On the "FuSAn 724/725 "Bernhard" ground-stations" page, added references & text about German WW2 analysis of directional antennas.
  • On the ""Bernhard" station locations" page, added references about the Be-stations France and The Netherlands,  added maps with locations of Luftnachrichten installations (incl. Be-stations) throughout Europe, added references about Luftwaffe fighter intercept & control methods ("Jagdverfahren"), and Würzburg radar FuMG39/FuSE62.
  • On the "Articles & documentation" page, added several articles from German and Swedish radio amateur magazines,  added a hi-res Feld-Hell manual.
  • On the "Annual Hell-meeting - since 1977" page, updated the 2019 section with pictures and text of the meeting.
  • On the "PC/soundcard-to-rig interfacing" page, added GUI screenshots of an excellent virtual audio cable application to replace the ubiquitous Windows "Stereomix" utility.
  • January-April 2019:
  • On the "Models from other manufacturers" page, started a section on the AR-2, AR-3, TP-3, and ATP-3 Hellschreiber printers of the US Secret Service (CIA, late 1950s).
  • On the "Home-built Hellschreibers" page, added a printer and keyboard sender built by Anjo Eenhoorn (PA0ZR) in 1989.
  • On the Feld-Hell "Components and construction" page, added the "Bush-Jaeger" company.
  • On the "Post-war Feld-Hell built in Hungary" page, added photos and info on some Hungarian radios known to have been used with the HTG-1 Feld-Hellschreiber by the Hungarian armed forces.
  • On the ""Bernhard" station locations" page, added some photos of the "Bernhard" installation Be-9 near Bredsted/Germany.
  • On the "FuSAn 724/725 "Bernhard" ground-stations" page, added some photos with details of the antenna feedline routing and corner shed of Be-9 near Bredsted/Germany.

2018

2017

  • November 2017:
  • Finally completed overhauling the entire "FuG 120 "Bernhardine" Hell-printer" page, with material that I obtained from archives in London and Berlin in April of this year!
  • October 2017:
  • On the "Home-built Hellschreibers" page, added a printer and keyboard sender built by Rommert (PE1DCF).
  • On the "Annual Hell-meeting" page, added photos and brief description of this year's annual Hell Meeting (the 40th!).
  • September 2017:
  • Finally completed overhauling the entire "FuSAn 724/725 "Bernhard" ground station" page, with material that I obtained from archives in London and Berlin in April of this year!
  • On the Feld-Hell Design evolutions page, added a printer module with a 4-start spindle, used to record Morse signals.
  • Thanks to Marius Spix, the Hellschreiber pause character will be included in the universal Unicode character set as hexadecimal Code Point (character code) 2BFF in revision 12 of the Unicode.
  • May-June 2017:
  • Late April, I made a trip to the historic archives of the Deutsches Technik Museum in Berlin, and obtained lots of material from over 20 files:
  • Completely overhauled and expanded the "Bernhard/Bernhardine" Luftwaffe radio-navigation system page.
  • On the "Bernhard" station locations page, finally compiled the complete and consistent list of Be-numbers, confirmed that additional stations (Be-17 - Be-22) were planned, added the layout of the site at Trebbin/Germany, location of the monitoring antenna at Be-0.
  • On the "FuSAn 724/725 "Bernhard" ground station", added pricing information for the antenna arrays and the monitoring-antenna mast, (unexpected) locomotive motor-drive system, optical disk, slip-ring stack, rail fastening and accuracy, added the official confirmation of and justification for the 2 rpm rotational speed of the system, and identified the type of 500 W transmitters.
  •  On the "FuG120 "Bernhardine" airborne Hellschreiber printer system" page, added photo material.
  • February-April 2017:
  • Early March, I treated myself to 2+ days in London, to get dozens of documents at The National Archives, the British Library, and the Imperial War Museums, and also have a look at Hellschreiber equipment at the depot of the Science Museum and the Imperial War Museums:
  • On the "Models from other manufacturers" page, expanded the sections of the FIApT and GPO Hell-printers with photos and info, and started a section with summary info about the Y-Service Hell-printers.
  • On the "Presse Hell" page, added info about the Hell service of the London Press Service.
  • On the "FuG 120 "Bernhardine" Hell-printer" page, added a handful of photos of a Luftwaffe HS120 Hell-printer.
  • On the ""Bernhard" station locations" page, added lots of info and photos regarding the stations at La Pernelle, Le-Bois-Julien, Mt.St.-Michel-de-Brasparts, St.Michel-Mt.Mercure, Bergen/Schoorl, Arcachon, and Marlemont.
  • On the "Model "T.send.46" combined printer & punch-tape sender" page, added photo of a second machine and associated peripherals.
  • On the "Hell equipment prices 1937-1952" page, added 1948 pricing info about British-built Hell equipment, and salary info (Wehrmacht 1935, Siemens-Halske 1942, UK 1946).
  • January-2017:
  • On the "Home-built Hellschreibers" page, started a section on Hell-printer by Michał Zielaskowski (SQ3TCE), with most parts (including the spindle) made with a 3D-printer.
  • In the "Aircraft equipped with FuG120" section of the "FuG120 "Bernhardine" airborne Hellschreiber printer system" page, added excerpts of a Luftwaffe radio operator logbook about "Bernhardine" test flights in a Junkers Ju-88.
  • On the "Sounds from Hell" page, replaced the multi-player implementation with a player-with-playlist, to load the page faster and make the player GUI independent of your browser.

2016

  • November/December-2016:
  • On the "Feld-Hell machine" page, added photo and brief description of the first generation Feld-Hellschreiber. It pre-dates what we consider to be "the" Feld-Hell. I'm trying to find more info on this machine!
  • On the "Home-built Hellschreibers" page, added two 1970s/80s machines built by others and added more photos of two others.
  • On the Feld-Hell "Software & PC-interfaces" page, added an interface (incl. VOX/PTT) for smartphones and tablets.
  • On the Feld-Hell "Components & Construction" page, added a section on ball bearings, and also added the logo of a yet-to-be-identified company that cast the light-metal housing of some Feld-Hell electronics boxes.
  • September/October-2016:
  • On the "How it works" page, I expanded the Amateur Radio Hellschreiber ˮFirstsˮ list with the world's first air-mobile Hellschreiber QSO, between myself as HB/N4SPP/AM/QRP and Rolf, DF7XH. Also expanded the list with the first Hell QSOs via meteor scatter and light beam (teraherz).
  • On the Feld-Hell "Components & Construction" page, added a section for the Elektronmetall Cannstatt company.
  • On the "Radios used with "Presse" Hell" page, added the mid-1930s Telefunken receiver model E 407 Rö.
  • My website now (automatically) uses HTTP Secure, so you will see https:// in the url window of your browser, instead of just http://. Some of my pages contain links to other websites. If those are not https sites (or their SSL certificate is invalid/expired), your browser may still show a warning - not related to my website.
  • July/August-2016:
  • On the "Feld-Hell Design evolutions" page, added description of the two versions of the printer module.
  • On the "Radios used with Feld-Hell" page, added the Telefunken Spez. 445 receiver.
  • On the "Bernhard" station locations page, added map evidence for the Be-number of 12 of the 16 stations. On the "FuSAn 724/725 "Bernhard" ground station" page, added a dynamic illustration of the radiation pattern of the rotating antenna arrays. On the "FuG120 "Bernhardine" airborne Hellschreiber printer system" page, added a dynamic illustration of the printer-spindle synchronization sequence of the HS120 Hell-printer.
  • June-2016:
  • On the "Presse Hell" page, added a short film clip from 1934, of a T.empf.12a printer in action at the Hungarian news agency MTI.
  • On the "Bernhard" station locations page, the added the description of a building near the Be-0 beacon near Berlin-Trebbin, that resembles a standard "Bernhard" building.
  • In the antenna system section of "Bernhard" ground station page, added rotating radiation patterns of the top & bottom arrays.
  • 19-May-2016: my website is now over 15 years old - so it was time for a major overhaul. I have finally completed the extensive modernization, after over a year (!!) of my spare time:
  • Website development, structures, styling, etc., has come a very long way since I started out. I got rid of the outdated "frames based" page structure and ugly Frontpage-coding, eliminated "Flash" animations (not supported by "Apple"), introduced HTML5, etc.
  • This has been a major (!!!) undertaking, and I had to learn a lot of new stuff - the hard way. It has been an interesting-but-time-consuming challenge.
  • I did try to accommodate old web browsers (such as Internet Explorer IE8 and older), which is rather tricky. There are at least half a dozen major web browsers out there (and a couple of dozen minor ones) - they have inconsistent interpretations of html and CSS.
  • The pages should work with touch-screens as well now, but viewing the page contents may not be easy on tiny screens. I had to draw the line somewhere, and I am not a professional web developer.
  • Re-formatted all pages (about 230 pages - not just Hellschreiber and amateur radio stuff), touched up all images (almost 2000), checked nearly all of the ca. 2000 attached documents, made a completely new menu structure, etc.

    • 2015

  • My 6-page article "Hell: Been There, Done That, Love It!" got published in the January-March 2015 issues of the very nice "K9AY Telegraph" e-zine, see the "Articles & Documentation" page.
  • In the "Presse Hell" section:
  • Added info about the 1939-1949 "Hell Commune" of news agencies
  • Added photos and info about several radios and peripherals that were used with Presse-Hell
  • In the "Other Models" section:
  • Added Hell equipment pricing info
  • Added photos and info about several Hellschreiber models made by manufacturers other than the Hell Co. and Siemens-Halske.
  • On the FuSAn724/725-FuG 120 "Bernhard/Bernhardine" pages (WW2 airborne radio-navigation system with Hellschreiber printer):
  • I finally identified the Be-1 "Bernhard" ground station, based on a 1944 Luftwaffe Signal Corps map. This station was not identified in any literature so far!
  • Added modeling results of the antenna arrays
  • Added conclusions and photos about the power supply system (with mercury vapor rectifier)
  • Added photos of several Bernhard ground stations and simulated sound of the "Bernhard" transmissions
  • Added map of Europe with WW2 German and Allied aerodromes, and German air-defence lines
  • Identified how the 10-character Hellschreiber messages were programmed  
  • In the Feld-Hell section:
  • Added a post-WW2 "next generation" modular Feld-Hell system
  • In the Hell System section:
  • Added the official Cyrillic Hell-font
  • Added historical photos.
  • Added interpretation of production data
  • Added manufacturer of some of the aluminum housings of the motor-generator.

2014

  • On the “Hellschreibers from other manufacturers” page, expanded the section on the Austrian "PTW" printer. It actually has a Feld-Hell motor inside!
  • On the "Presse Hell peripherals" page, expanded the section on the Hell SV36 keying amplifier, incl. oscilloscope captures of the input & output of the tone detector.
  • On the "Radio receivers used with 'Presse Hell'" page, added the Telefunken Ae 1047 receiver.
  • On the "Hell software & PC-interfacing" page, demonstrated how bonding wires between rig and PC reduces noise and 50/60 Hz harmonics in the digi-mode software waterfall display.

2013

  • Throughout 2013, I have not posted any notifications of updates to my Hellschreiber website. That doesn't mean that I have not worked on it! Besides numerous minor updates, here are the main changes:
    • The Luftwaffe airborne "Bernhardine" Hellschreiber was covered in the "FuG 120 "Bernhardine" section of the "Hellschreibers from other manufacturers" page. The section has become much too large. I have transferred it to a dedicated page "FuG 120 "Bernhardine" under "Other Hellschreiber models" on the main menu. I have added so much material over the last couple of months, that I have split that page into four sub-pages: "The Bernhard/Bernhardine radio-navigation system", "FuSAn 724/725 "Bernhard" ground station", "FuG120 "Bernhardine" airborne Hellschreiber printer system", and "Bernhard" station locations". I am still working on the first three of the four...
    • Completely overhauled and expanded the "RFT Feldfernschreiber of the KVP/NVA" section of the "Hellschreibers from other manufacturers" page (under "Other Hellschreiber models" on the main menu).
    • Related to that, I have added a new page "Post-war Feld-Hell start-stop prototype" under the "Feld-Hell" menu.
    • On the "Hell system - How it Works" page of the main menu, I have added a video clip of the Feld-hell printer spindle.
    • Added copies of several 1943-45 Feld-Hell telegrams on the "Original telegrams" page (under "Feld Hell" on the main menu).
    • On the "Radio receivers used with "Presse Hell" page (main menu under "Presse Hell"), I have added photos the E3 and E38 Presse Hell receivers.
    • On the "T empf 14" printer" section of the "Presse Hell" page (of the main menu), I have added several photos of my T empf 14.
    • In the "British Post Office" section of the "Hellschreibers from other manufacturers" page (under "Other Hellschreiber models" on the main menu), I have added photos of a second T-1 machine.
    • In the "Sound-card interfacing" section of the "Hell software & PC-interfacing" page of the main menu, I have added a couple of tone-pulse detector circuit schematics (look for "Keying a CW-transmitter").
    • Added several photos to the "3D photos" page (on the main menu).
    • "Hell Morseschreiber" page (under "Feld Hell" on the main menu): added photos and info on several models.

2012

  • On The Feld-Hell machine page, added info about the 24a-32 model designator / drawing number.
  • On the Feld-Hell peripherals page, added a phone-line attenuator.
  • Expanded and finished up the Radio receivers used with "Presse Hell" page.
  • Expanded and finished up the Presse-Hell peripherals page.
  • On the "FuG120 "Bernhardine" page, added numerous late-1940s/1950s aerial photos of "Bernhard" sites.
  • The "Other Siemens-built Hellschreibers" page has grown much too big! I have split it into three pages: "Hell 39 "L", 40 "F", 44", "Blattschreiber", and "FuG120 "Berhardine".
  • The "FuG120 "Bernhardine" page has been expanded significantly with printer-patent info, and lots of photos (some 3D) and info of Bernhard sites that I have recently visited in France (Arcachon) and Germany (Venusberg/Aidlingen).
  • On the "Hell 72 "GL" and Hell 73 "AGL" page, added original railroad Hell-telegrams.
  • Added some documents on the "Presse Hell" page, on the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, and on the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page.
  • Expanded the "Feld-Hell derivative "Tbs24b"" page with an additional model S8K unit of the Hell company.
  • On the "Historical photos" page, expanded the text about the use of Feld-Hell machines by the army of Finland during WW2.
  • On the "Frequencies, nets, museums, beacons" page, added another museum in Finland to the list of museums with a Hellschreiber in their collection.
  • Expanded the text about Reuters news agency's use of Hellschreibers, on the "Presse Hell" and the British Post Office section of the "Hellschreibers from other manufacturers" pages.
  • Added Hell-patents to a number of pages.
  • In the FuG120 Bernhardine Hellschreiber section of the "Hellschreibers from other manufacturers" page, I have added a short 1946 film clip of the "Bernhard" installation at La Pernelle (Normandie, France).
  • On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, I added the de-classified 1946 (1942?) US-translation of the 1940 Feld-Hell training pamphlet of the Wehrmacht Signal Corp School.
  • On the Post-war Feld-Hell built in Hungary page, I have added a handful of photos of the inside of the amplifier box, the entire machine, keyboard, printer, and carrying case.
  • Finally finished the "Markings on Feld-Hell machines" page! (for now)
  • I have added a dedicated page about some Feld-Hell design evolutions.
  • On the "Other Siemens-built Hellschreibers" page, I have significantly corrected and expanded the section on the Hell Blattschreiber (page/sheet-printer).
  • In the "Hell ZETFAX" section of the "Hellschreibers built by the Hell Company" page, I have added some description text and 2 maintenance documents (courtesy Arie, PE1AQB).
  • On the "Hellschreibers from other manufacturers" page, I have added a complete section about the Swiss ETK direct-printing teleprinter system, as it is related to the Hell system in several ways.
  • On the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page, I have added text about the radio callsign of the Hell company.
  • On the "Maintenance" page, I have added a circuit diagram (schematic) for testing the Feld-Hell motor-generator and printer solenoid - without the Feld-Hell's amplifier box.
  • On the "Hell "Feld Morseschreiber"" page, I have added a series of photos of the Hell RC 28 Morse telegraphy printer.
  • For your reading pleasure, I have added a dozen or two documents. They are spread out over the entire website. Just check your favorite page(s).
  • The TBs24b page has been expanded with some diagrams and text.
  • On the "Hell 72 "GL" and Hell 73 "AGL" page, schematics have been added for models 72a, 72b, 72c, 73 AGL.
  • The "Presentations" section has been moved from the "Feld Hell" sub-menu to "Articles, literature, documentation" on the main menu (now renamed to: "Articles, documentation, presentations").
  • On the "Other Siemens-built Hellschreibers" page, I have added a section on a Hellschreiber-printer that was made for testing speed & distortion of teletype ("telex") start-stop teleprinters.
  • I have started a new page, about a Feld-Hell derivative machine, that was built post-war in Hungary.
  • On the "Frequencies, nets, museums, beacons" page, I have added 2 museums in Canada to list of museums with Hellschreibers in their collection.
  • Finally, I have just started (i.e., a lot of work still to be done!) a separate page for "Radio transmitters & receivers used with the Feld-Hell". This used to be a subsection of the Feld-Hell "Performance" page, but began to grow to the extent that it warranted a separate page. Note that the discussion of "Presse Hell" receivers remains on the "Radio receivers used with "Presse Hell" page.

2011

  • Added several documents on the "Articles, literature, documentation" page. This includes a 1940 Feld-Hell training leaflet of the Heeresnachrichtenschule (Army Signal Corps School), and a 1944 English article. Also added some references on the "Presse Hell" page. Added group photo of the 2011 Hell Meeting on the "Annual Hell Meeting" page. Took some 3D photos of German equipment at that meeting, and posted them on the "3D (stereoscopic) photos" page (get your red/green glasses ready!). Added a short video clip of the spinning Feld-Hell's character drum on the "The Hell system - how it works" page (here) and on the the "Hellschreiber fonts" page. At the bottom of the latter page, I added photos of a 1940s optical disk record player.
  • you can now subscribe to an RSS-feed with the changes listed on this page, and get them delivered automatically to your RSS-reader (your separate feed-reader, or the one integrated in your web browser, Outlook, etc.). To subscribe, click here, or on the RSS-feed icon at the top-right of this page.
  • I recently got information about Hell-printers made during the 1940s by F.I.A.T. in Italy, and by the British Post Office. I have started sections for them on the "Hellschreibers from other manufacturers" page. The various sections related to "Presse Hell" (the original system developed by Rudolf Hell for news agencies) and associated equipment, have grown to the extent that I decided to group them as a separate item on the main menu: "Presse Hell".
  • At the bottom of the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added several documents with translations of German military radio (and other) abbreviations & terminology.
  • On the "Hellschreibers from other manufacturers" page, I started a section on the optically scanning Hellschreiber system of the Toho Denki company in Japan. I basically have no info on this - if you do, please contact me! Also added some stuff in the "ZETFAX" section of the "Hellschreibers built by the Hell Company" page.
  • Uploaded the 1940 Luftwaffe Feld-Hell manual L.Dv. 702/1 Heft 213 to the "Articles, literature, documentation" page. It is the counterpart of the ubiquitous 1940 Wehrmacht document D 758/1.
  • Expanded the news agency write-up in the "T empf 12 / Presse Hell" section of the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, incl. added documents. Added WW2 photo on the "Historical photos" page.
  • Major changes/updates! I have decided to consolidate all discussions and examples of Hellschreiber fonts on a single page "Hellschreiber fonts" (see main menu) - with additional information. The "what it is and how it works" discussion used to be included in the main Feld-Hell function/operation page. However, most of it applies to all types of Hellschreiber. So I have put all the generic discussions and illustrations on a new page "The Hell system - how it works" (see top of the main menu). This page also has a number of additions and overhauls. The page with Feld-Hell specific stuff is now called "The Feld-Hell machine" (still on the "Feldfernschreiber" sub-menu).
  • The fonts used with the various Hellschreiber systems are now consolidated on the "Hellschreiber fonts" page, together with the associated font-memory technologies (mechanical, magnetic, optical).
  • The Hell company also built "Morseschnellschreiber" - high-speed Morse telegraphy recorders (printers), based on Hellschreiber technology. So I decided to to illustrate this on a separate page (also accessible via the "The Feld-Hell machine" - towards the bottom of that page).
  • On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added "Der Typenbildschreiber Tbs 24a – 32", a very interesting personal Hellschreiber manual, written in 1940 by Rudolf Heinrich, soldier in the Signal Corps of the Wehrmacht. Added extracts from it, on the "original telegrams" page.
  • On the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page, added a short video clip of Rudolf Hell, several audio clips of Rudolf Hell talking about his life, and a radio documentary about his life (all in German).
  • On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added 1 document in German (1935, about T empf 12), and 1 article in French (2011).
  • On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, expanded the section on the the T empf 12 and T empf 14 "Presse Hell". Consolidated description of Hellschreiber peripherals (punch tape readers/senders, keying amplifiers, etc. on a new page of the "Other Hellschreiber models" menu: "Siemens Hellschreiber peripherals".
  • Consolidated 1937-1944 Hellschreiber equipment prices on a separate page: via the menu under "Other Hellschreiber models", then "Original Siemens Hell equipment prices".
  • Added a new page for a derivative of the Feld-Hell machine. The existence of this model was only very recently brought to my attention!
  • On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, uploaded 2 Italian documents from 1941.
  • On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, uploaded 6 German documents, 1931-1959; consolidated original Hellschreiber telegrams on a new page "original telegrams".
  • On the "Hellschreibers from other manufacturers" page, added a section on the Hellschreiber built by P.T.W. in Austria. In the section on the FuG120 Bernhardine Hellschreiber, expanded text about the early Bernhard system, added my photos of remnants of the Bernhard station at Pouzauges. On the "Production Volume" page, updated the graph and some conclusions on the 77 machines currently in my database. In the Goliath transmitter section of the "Performance" page, expanded text and added a photo.
  • In the section on the FuG120 Bernhardine Hellschreiber, added 8 photos of the HS120 printer, a video clip of the printer in action, and expanded some of the associated text. On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, added photos of a T empf 14 "Presse Hell", its printout, and a short video clip of the printer in action. On the "Hellschreibers from other manufacturers" page, added print-out and video clip of the NVA Hellschreiber; added the EMA Hell-printer type HSG2; added the Creed Teletape fax machine I took some 3D photos of the T empf 14 , an NVA Hell, and an Enigma crypto machine, and decided to consolidate all my Hell-related 3D photos on a single "3D (stereoscopic) photos" page.
  • I gave a Hellschreiber-presentation (in German) at the annual meeting of the Funkhistorischer Interessenkreis. I have posted the presentation on the "Presentations" page.
  • Created a separate section for Hellschreibers built by the Hell Company, and moved the EH5, EH6, U-boat, and Zetfax there, and added an illustrated discussion of the NS and NS3 Hellschreibers. On the "Components and construction" page, added a section on NSF ( mfr of capacitors used in the Feld-Hell), and added some detail to the Mende Co. write-up.
  • In the section on the FuG120 Bernhardine Hellschreiber, expanded text about transmitter-antenna coupling, installation in Me-262 aircraft, description of E Bl 3 receiver, added some references.
  • On the "Hell-80" page, added results from extensive tests to characterize timing of the start-pulse detection and associated printer enabling of Hell-80 machines in start-stop mode.
  • The date and location of this year's "Annual Hell Meeting" has been announced. Please join us!
  • In the section on the FuG120 Bernhardine Hellschreiber, added numerous info items about the Bernhard station at Buke. In the Goliath transmitter section of the "Performance" page, added info about the Hein, Lehmann & Co, antenna construction compmany.

2010

  • On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added 2 articles in Swedish and the first document in Finnish.
  • On the main page, added a search-engine specifically for this website.
  • In the section on the FuG120 Bernhardine Hellschreiber, expanded the description of the Wachsschreiber. On the "Performance" page, added a section on the 1 Megawatt Goliath transmitter, used for Hellschreiber messages.
  • On the "Markings on Feld-Hell machines" page, expanded the section on BAL-stamps. On the "Hell software & PC-interfacing", added EREL Hell software for testing Hellschreiber machines (all modes).
  • Added maps with the location of "Bernhard" FuSAn 724/725 ground stations, in the section on the FuG120 Bernhardine Hellschreiber.
  • On the "Frequencies, contests, nets, museums, balloon beacons " page, expanded the list of museums with a Hellschreiber with the Armémuseum in Stockholm/Sweden, the Radio & Telephone Museum in Petäjävesi/Finland, and the Fernmeldemuseum of the Army Signals School in Vienna/Austria.
  • On the "Maintenance" page, added troubleshooting of the anode voltage supply of the motor-generator to the Feld-Hell electronics box.
  • Expanded the Feld-Hell "Accessories" page with the FF-33 field telephone, and headphones.
  • On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, overhauled and completed the section on the FuG120 Bernhardine Hellschreiber.
  • On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, added numerous photos of 1930s Hell equipment to top section of the page. On the "Hellschreiber radio receivers" page, started sections on Telefunken E415, E376, and E515 receivers.
  • In the Hell Feldfernschreiber ("Feld Hell") section, started page on "Communication performance" (wired & wireless); included 15W.S.E.b transceiver with Feld-Hell interface.
  • On the "Frequencies, contests, nets, museums, balloon beacons" page, updated the starting time of the weekly Sunday Hell Net on 80 mtrs. In the Hell Feldfernschreiber ("Feld Hell") section, added write-up about die-cast "Elektron" metal chassis to the "Components and construction" page. Added message from Gerd, OE3GSA, to the "Comments from visitors" page.
  • On the "Photos" page, added photos of the die-cast electronics box, all components removed.
  • Added a separate "Components and construction" page, and included photos of bare electronics box. Moved "Components" section of the "Electronics and schematics" page there.
  • Added a printer by Broni Luca, IZ6HPJ, to the Homebuilt Printers page; in the Hell Feldfernschreiber ("Feld Hell") section, added photos of the bare electronics box to the photos page.
  • On the "Industry and technology 1920-1945", added several documents.
  • In the Hell Feldfernschreiber ("Feld Hell") section, started a separate Feld-Hell accessories on "Feld-Hell accessories" page and added photos; added Dralowid to the component manufacturers section of the circuitry and components page.
  • On the "Markings on Feld-Hell machines" page, added section on miscellaneous markings; added several WaA stamp photos.
  • Added section on Hellschreiber balloon beacons to the to the "Frequencies, contests, nets, museums, balloon beacons" page.
  • Added 3 documents to the literature page, and info from them on the Hell-80 page. On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added 3 German (1934, 1960s) and 1 Swedish document (1945). On the "Hell-80" page, added two documents, and some info extracted from them.
  • On the "Frequencies, contests, nets, museums, balloon beacons" page, added section on balloon beacon launches.
  • On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, added placeholder sections for Hell Tempf 12 and a Hell printer used on U-boats.
  • On the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page, added ref. 46 about Siemens-Halske logo, and 47 about Reuters. On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added Italian document.
  • On the "Frequencies, contests, nets, museums, balloon beacons" page, moved Annual Hell Meeting section to separate page.

2009

  • On the "Presentations" page, updated the draft presentation. On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added 3 German and 2 Icelandic documents. On the "Hellschreibers from other manufaturers" page, added documents and info about FACIT printers.
  • On the "Maintenance" page, added link to ball bearing video.
  • On the "Hell-80" page, added & replaced photos, added 3D photos, articles.
  • On the "Hell-80" page, added article, manuals and schematics, character-set printout. On the "Hellschreiber software" page, added link to audio spectrum plots on the "Modern Software modes" page; added pix of new PC-interface.
  • On the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page, added several references. On the "How it works" page, added references for start-stop sync, added photo of slip-contacts, added text about character-drum manufacturing, added text about turning direction of the spindle-thread and of the spindle shaft, add comparison to RTTY speed. On the "Electronic circuitry and schematics" page, added articles about components, added diode price, added intermediate schematic, added 900 Hz signal levels at input/output ports per ref. 13. On the "3D photos" page, added 3D of Feld-Hell character drum by itself. On the "Interfaces to a transceiver" page, updated slip-contact current & voltage limits. On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added over 50 German, English, and French documents. On the "Hell 72b/c "GL" and Hell 73 "AGL"" page, added manuals and schematics. On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, added ref. 3, expanded T empf 14 text, added ZETFAX references. On the "Hellschreibers from other manufacturers" page, added article about LMT 7-tone machine, manual for RC-58-B and BC908 article. On the "Hell software & PC interfacing" page, added audio frequency spectrum plot for various modes. Expanded the "Paper tape, ink, felt ink rollers" with ink, ink rollers.
  • On the "Hellschreiber software" page, added document about PC-interface by DF5FJ.
  • On the "Frequencies, contests, nets, museums, balloon beacons" page, updated start time of Sunday Hell Net on 80 m.
  • On the "Electronic circuitry and schematics" page, corrected internal wiring diagram: added pause-character key contact.
  • On the "Hellschreiber software" page, added description of WinHell software.
  • On the "Electronic circuitry and schematics" page, added JAHRE advert and ref. 9.
  • On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, expanded T empf 14 text. On the "Hellschreibers from other manufaturers" page, added photos of NVA Hellschreiber, incl. 3D, and BC-918-B diagrams.
  • On the "Frequencies, contests, nets, museums, balloon beacons" page, added photo of the 2009 Annual Hell Meeting.
  • On the "Homebuilt Hell-printers" page, added articles and photo captions for other home-builts.
  • On the "Homebuilt Hell-printers" page, added photos of other home-builts.
  • On the "How it works" page, added pictures of re-inking device.
  • On the "Other Hellschreiber models" page, added equipment table.
  • On the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page, added 2 articles (16 & 27) and Meyer image. On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added 9 German documents; reorganized the listing. On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, added info on Presse-Hell receivers, added refs and images of Bernhardine/Fug120. On the "Hellschreiber software" page, added articles in German on Commodore and Fldigi.
  • On the "Photos" page, added perspective photos of drive shafts. On the "Hellschreibers from other manufaturers" page, added TTK/Sony machine.
  • On the "3D photos" page, added 3D's of gear-train.
  • On the "Hellschreibers from other manufaturers" page, added BC908/918 and LMT section.
  • On the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page,added reference to Sony.
  • On the "Photos" page, added dimensional drawing of the Tornister (carrying case). On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, added T empf 14 picture.
  • On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added 20 documents, incl. 5 Spanish. On the "Hell-80" page, 1 literature ref added.
  • Started the "Hell 72b/c "GL" and Hell 73 "AGL"" page.
  • Added photo and text about the 33rd Annual Hell Meeting of 9-Oct-10 to the Frequencies, contests, nets, annual meeting, museums page. On the "Homebuilt Hell-printers" page, added modular printer for synchronous & start-stop Hell-80 by Arie, PE1AQB.
  • Added 1943 Italian Feld-Hell telegram to the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page, uploaded major reference on "Markings on Feld-Hell machines" page, added & uploaded several references to "RV 12 P 4000 tube" page, added WWII photos to "Photos" page, and added and uploaded several references.. On the "Bandwidth and duty cycle" page, added ref. 16. On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added 4 articles in English.
  • On the "Markings on Feld-Hell machines" page, uploaded major ref. 1.
  • On the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page, added 1943 Italian Feld-Hell telegram.
  • Added photos of the printer recently built by Jan Smeets (his second one) to the "Homebuilt printers" page.
  • Put discussion of Feld-hell production volume on this separate page.
  • On the "Electronic circuitry and schematics" page, expanded description of detector circuit and final amplifier tube bias. On the "Markings on Feld-Hell machines" page, added section on markings on the Feld-Hell electronics box and Motor-Generator.
  • On the "RV 12 P 4000" page, added photos of a 1935 RV12P4000 with with ceramic base.
  • On the "Hellschreiber radio receivers" page, added section on Telefunken Ae 1076 receiver.
  • On the "Photos" page, added photos at top of the historical photos section.
  • On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added 1 article in Brazilian , and 1 in Spanish.
  • On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added 1 Danish and 13 Swedish documents.
  • Added RCA section to Hellschreibers from other manufacturers page. On the "Photos" page, added photos of spare carbon brushes etc.
  • On the "Frequencies, contests, nets, museums, balloon beacons" page, added list of museums with Hellschreiber.
  • On the "Markings on Feld-Hell machines" page, expanded text on the Wehrmacht.
  • Added about a dozen articles to the Articles, literature, documentation page.
  • Expanded "My Feld-Hell machine" page with text about number of produced and surviving machines. Added separate page with "feedback from visitors".
  • On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added 1 Czech (1974) and 1 Swiss/German document (1944).
  • On the "RV 12 P 4000" page, expanded text on Waffenamt stamps and other markings.
  • On the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page, added ref. 43 & 44 about Prof. Dieckman. Started separate "Markings on Feld-Hell machines" page, consolidated discussion of Waffenamt and other markings on the Feld-Hell here from several pages, expanded the text, added illustrations.
  • Put WaA markings on a new page "Markings on Feld-Hell machines (incl. Waffenamt stamps)".
  • On the "Interfaces to a transceiver" page, expanded description of CW rig interface. On the "Hellschreiber software" page, added description of PC interface to a CW transmitter.
  • On the "Homebuilt Hell-printers" page, added several literature references for narrow AF filters.
  • Added a separate page about "Bandwidth and duty cycle".
  • On the "Links" page, added Radiomuseum.org link.
  • On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added 2 English (1978, 1983) and 1 German article (1962). On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, added Blattschreiber ref. 7 and 8.
  • On the "RV 12 P 4000" page, added photos of all tube parts + text + 3D photos; added separate page for photos and notes on all my RV12P4000 tubes; added refs. 24-48.
  • Added photos of all tube parts to the "The RV12P4000 tube" page, and 3D's of RV12P4000 tube to the "3D photos" page.
  • On the "RV 12 P 4000" page, expanded text; added TeKaDe knob picture.
  • On the "Presentations" page, added link to instructions for scrolling banner with Hell font.
  • On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, corrected & expanded description of the Blattschreiber, added photos.
  • On the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page, added photos of Hell Werke and ref. 38, 39. On the "Electronic circuitry and schematics" page, expanded product and company info for Jahre, Jaroslaw, Römmler; added Sirutor references.
  • On the "How it works" page, added downloadable Feld-Hell TrueType fonts.
  • On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, added T empf 14 schematic; moved Hell radio receivers to separate page.
  • Started the "Industry and technology 1920-1945" page.
  • On the "3D photos" page, added 3D of RV12P4000 tubes.
  • On the "RV 12 P 4000" page, added picture of tube socket and markings; expanded text on WaA and BAL stamps. On the "Hell software & PC interfacing" page, added waterfall spectra.
  • On the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page, added 17 Hell patents (general, centrifugal governor, Blattschreiber), and 3 Lorenz Co. patents; added Berlin phonebook entries for Rudolf Hell; expanded info on press agencies. On the "Homebuilt Hell-printers" page, added home built printer of Jan Smeets, ex-ON4ASZ/EA3DPB, and Dale, VK1/VK2DSH.
  • On the "Electronic circuitry and schematics" page, added info about Kabi and OSRAM components, expanded Sirutor info. On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added 1 Spanish article.
  • On the "Sounds from Hell" page, added sound of Thomson audio output. On the "Hellschreibers from other manufacturers" page, expanded Thomson section.
  • On the "Photos" page, added photos of inside of Feld-Hell electronics box). On the "3D photos" page, added 3Ds of inside of Feld-Hell electronics box; click on any 3D photo now shows full size image). On the "Sounds from Hell" page, added audio recoding of Hell-80 transmissions. On the "Hell 72b/c "GL" and Hell 73 "AGL"" page, added click on any 3D image to get full-size/high-resolution image. On the "Hell-80" page, added click on any 3D image to get full-size/high-resolution image; added link to recording of real Hell-80 transmission. On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, started sections for Blattschreiber and HE-5/HE-6; expanded info on TFK Presse Hell radios; added Hell patent for optical scan of perforated paper tape on which text is typed with special typewriter.
  • Expanded company history of Jahre and Jaroslaw's, updated schematic.
  • On the "Photos" page, added photo of original connector of audio patch cable.. On the "Paper tape, ink, felt ink rollers" page, (added photos of original Feld-Hell ink bottle, accessories box).
  • On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added T empf 39 "L" description. On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, added T empf 39d, T empf 44c/e, and T send 62a.
  • On the "Hellschreibers from other manufaturers" page, added section on Thomson solid state Feld-Hell compatible machine. Added 2 literature refs for L.M.T.
  • On the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page, added ref 31-33. On the "Photos" page, added photo of Hell Morseschreiber with document reference. On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added several German and English documents. On the "Hell 72b/c "GL" and Hell 73 "AGL"" page, added ref .12. On the "Hellschreiber radio receivers" page, moved this section here, from "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page. On the "Links" page, added Enigma ref.
  • On the "Articles, literature, documentation" page, added 1 English, 5 Norwegian, 13 Dutch, and 3 Polish documents.
  • On the "Hellschreiber software" page, added info and link for PTT interface via USB.
  • On the "Rudolf Hell: history and patents" page, added reference 30 (1942) and image from that ref.
  • On the "Hell 72b/c "GL" and Hell 73 "AGL"" page, added ref 9-11.
  • On the "Hellschreibers from other manufaturers" page, added 2 literature refs. in RC-58-B section.
  • On the "Hell-80" page, added printout of Hell-80 signals on Feld-Hell.
  • On the "Hell 72b/c "GL" and Hell 73 "AGL"" page, added ref. 8.
  • On the "Other Siemens Hellschreibers" page, added schematic Telefunken Presse-Hell receiver E 11.
  • On the "Frequencies, contests, nets, museums, balloon beacons" page, added info about Hell-80 net on 40 m.
  • Started the "Paper tape, ink, felt ink rollers" page.

2008


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